Which properties of sand have a significant effect on filtration?

The properties of sand that have a significant effect on filtration primarily involve particle shape and density. Particle shape influences how well the sand grains pack together, which affects the flow rate of water through the sand and the ability to capture particles and contaminants. Well-rounded sand particles tend to create more spaces between them, allowing for better drainage but potentially less effective filtration, while irregularly shaped particles can trap more impurities.

Density is also crucial because it can affect how much air space exists between the sand grains as well as their ability to settle and compact. Heavier particles might settle faster, which can influence both the rate of filtration and the overall effectiveness of the filtration process. These factors determine how efficiently the sand can filter out sediments and other contaminants from water, making them essential properties for effective filtration systems.